Κάπνισμα και αθλητισμός.

Το κάπνισμα προκαλεί εξαιρετικά μεγάλη μείωση της αερόβιας ικανότητας και της απόδοσης ενός αθλητή και ιδιαίτερα ενός αθλητή αντοχής. Ομως ενώ όλοι μας γνωρίζουμε ότι όποιος καπνίζει δυσκολεύεται περισσότερο από έναν μη καπνιστή κατά την διάρκεια της άσκησης δεν ξέρουμε ακριβώς τί συμβαίνει. Ας δούμε τις επιδράσεις της νικοτίνης και του καπνίσματος γενικότερα στην αναπνοή μας.

Αρκετοί από εμάς γνωρίζουμε ότι η νικοτίνη προκαλεί συστολή στα βρογχιόλια των πνευμόνων και κατά συνέπεια αυξάνεται η αντίσταση του αέρα κατά την είσοδο και έξοδο από τις κυψελίδες.

Η νικοτίνη προκαλεί  επίσης παράλυση των κρόσσων των επιθηλιακών κυττάρων και κατά συνέπεια περιορίζεται η δόνησή τους που προκαλεί  την απομάκρυνση περίσσειας υγρών και γενικότερα ξένων σωματιδίων. Ετσι συσσωρεύονται στην αναπνευστική οδό απορρίματα που δυσκολεύουν την αναπνοή του αθλητή.

Τέλος ο καπνός δημιουργεί αυξημένη έκκριση υγρού από το βρογχικό δέντρο καθώς και διόγκωση του επιθηλίου των αεροφόρων οδών.

Τα παραπάνω είναι σαφές ότι δυσκολεύουν ακόμα  και τον μέτρια καπνιστή σε οποιαδήποτε δραστηριότητά του. Σε περιπτώσεις «φανατικού» καπνιστή τα συμπτώματα είναι ακόμα πιο έντονα και η άσκηση για αυτούς γίνεται πάρα πολύ δύσκολη.

Θα λέγαμε ότι τα αθλήματα αντοχής και ιδιαίτερα απαιτητικά αθλήματα όπως η ποδηλασία, το τρέξιμο, η κολύμβηση είναι απαγορευτικά για έναν καπνιστή.

Υπάρχουν καπνιστές που δυσκολεύονται να ανέβουν τα σκαλοπάτια στο σπίτι τους πόσο μάλλον να ασχοληθούν με ένα τόσο αναπνευστικά δύσκολο άθλημα όπως η ποδηλασία, το τρέξιμο κ.λπ..

Πρέπει να σημειώσουμε ότι στους χρόνια καπνιστές εμφανίζεται πνευμονικό εμφύσημα και φυσικά δημιουργούνται χρόνια βρογχίτιδα, διάρυξη των τοιχωμάτων των κυψελίδων και απόφραξη πολλών βρογχιολίων.

Κείμενο Γιάννης Ψαρέλης, Συντακτική ομάδα Triathlon & Cycling World (Email :info@triathlonworld.gr)

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